ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial y factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRC) en una población rural expuesta al arsénico (As) en el agua de consumo en la provincia de Tucumán, Argentina. Materiales y métodos. Participaron 352 habitantes adultos. Se midió el consumo de arsénico en agua de bebida y se evaluó la presión arterial, el tabaquismo, el consumo de alcohol de riesgo y perjudicial, la ingesta de sal, la actividad física, el índice de masa corporal, la glucemia y la dislipidemia. El riesgo cardiovascular fue calculado usando el score de Framingham. Resultados. Se dividió la población en Grupo Expuesto (GE) n=90 y Grupo No Expuesto (GNE) n=262. La prevalencia de hipertensión fue 48,9 y 51,1%; tabaquismo 31,1 y 39,7%; consumo de alcohol de riesgo 22,2 y 17,9%; perjudicial 36,6 y 36,6%; ingesta de sal 100 y 100%; actividad física 16,7 y 18,7%; sobrepeso 43,3 y 43,9%; obesidad 25,5 y 25,6%; diabetes 24,4 y 32,8%; y dislipidemia 58,9 y 66,4%. El score de riesgo bajo, moderado o alto fue 50; 21,1; y 28,9% para GE, y 54,6; 19,1 y 26,3% para GNE, respectivamente. Conclusiones. La exposición al As no afecta la prevalencia de FRC. Se identifica una población rural en situación de vulnerabilidad con elevados FRC. La Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo no refleja lo que ocurre en zonas rurales. La escala de Framingham concuerda con los FRC encontrados. Se requiere la implementación de políticas de promoción de salud que permita mejorar el pronóstico de sufrir eventos cardiovasculares a corto y mediano plazo.
ABSTRACT Objective. To determine the prevalence of arterial hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) in a rural population exposed to arsenic (As) in drinking water in the province of Tucumán, Argentina. Materials and methods. A total of 352 adult inhabitants participated. Consumption of arsenic in drinking water was measured. Blood pressure, smoking, risk and harmful alcohol consumption, salt intake, physical activity, body mass index, glycemia and dyslipidemia were evaluated. Cardiovascular risk was calculated using the Framingham score. Results. The population was divided into Exposed Group (EG) n=90 and Non-Exposed Group (NEG) n=262. The prevalence of hypertension was 48.9 and 51.1% in each group, respectively; for smoking it was 31.1 and 39.7%; for risky alcohol consumption, 22.2 and 17.9%; for harmful alcohol consumption, 36.6 and 36.6%; for salt intake, 100 and 100%; for physical activity, 16.7 and 18.7%; for being overweight, 43.3 and 43.9%; for obesity, 25.5 and 25.6%; for diabetes, 24.4 and 32.8%; and for dyslipidemia, 58.9 and 66.4%. The scores for low, moderate, or high-risk were 50; 21.1; and 28.9% in the EG, and 54.6; 19.1 and 26.3% in the NEG, respectively. Conclusions. Exposure to As does not affect the prevalence of CRFs. We identified a rural population in a vulnerable condition with high CRFs. The National Risk Factor Survey does not reflect what happens in rural areas. The Framingham scale is consistent with the found CRFs. The implementation of health promotion policies is required to improve the prognosis of suffering cardiovascular events in the short and medium term.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Argentina , Arsenic , Rural Health , Hypertension , Arteries , Rural Population , Cardiovascular DiseasesABSTRACT
Abstract Arsenic contamination in the environment and groundwater is a major global public health problem. Several researchers suggest that the toxicity of arsenic could be related to oral cancer development, usually resulting from potentially malignant lesions. During pathological processes, salivary proteins suffer modifications, which could lead to the discovery of new biomarkers. Objective To analyze the protein profile in human saliva samples from a rural population exposed to high levels of arsenic in drinking water and its association with potentially malignant lesions. Methodology This observational, analytic and cross-sectional design included 121 patients from the state of Graneros (Tucumán, Argentina). Arsenic concentration in drinking water was determined and, according to the values obtained, individuals were divided into 2 groups: exposed group and non-exposed group. Saliva samples were obtained, and total protein concentration was measured by Bradford method. Finally, Laemmli SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was conducted to obtain the protein profile. Results Total protein concentration in saliva was lower in the exposed group than in the non-exposed group. Average areas of 20 and 42 KDa bands were significantly lower in exposed group than non-exposed group. Conclusion Chronic intake of high arsenic concentrations in drinking water produces changes in the salivary protein profile, which is associated with the presence of potentially malignant lesions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arsenic/analysis , Arsenic/toxicity , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Drinking Water/analysis , Argentina , Rural Population , Salivary Proteins and Peptides , Pilot Projects , Environmental Monitoring , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Introducción: la hiperglucemia contribuye a cambios moleculares que alteran la hemostasia. Objetivos: determinar moléculas circulantes que indiquen la presencia de un estado protrombótico en una población infanto juvenil con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1), sin manifestación clínica de enfermedad vascular, y compararla con una población control. Pacientes y métodos: se estudiaron 35 pacientes con DM1, de 11,0±2,5 años de edad y 3,7±2,0 años de evolución de la enfermedad, sin complicaciones vasculares y 20 controles sanos de edad, sexo e IMC semejantes. Se determinaron: fibrinógeno (Fg), inhibidor del activador del plasminógeno 1 (PAI-1), antígeno del factor von Willebrand (FvW:Ag), ligando CD40 soluble (sCD40L) y pruebas globales de coagulación como recuento de plaquetas, tiempo de protrombina (TP) y tiempo de tromboplastina parcial activado (APTT). El control glucémico se evaluó mediante glucemia en ayunas y A1c, y se descartó la presencia de retinopatía y nefropatía. Los datos se analizaron con el programa SPSS 20 para Windows y se expresaron como media±DE. El coeficiente de Pearson se usó para investigar las correlaciones entre las variables estudiadas. Resultados: los pacientes con DM1 presentaron valores significativamente mayores de Fg (308±66 vs 246±18 mg/dL, p=0,0001), PAI-1 (41,6±12 vs 11,7±1,0 ng/mL, p=0,0001), FvW:Ag (284±55 vs 121±19 %, p=0,0001) y sCD40L (1608±109 vs 149±17 pg/mL, p=0,0001). Sin embargo las pruebas globales de hemostasia no mostraron diferencias entre ambos grupos. El PAI-1 y sCD40L se correlacionaron con glucemia, A1c, Fg y FvW:Ag. Conclusiones: los niveles elevados de Fg, PAI-1, FvW:Ag y sCD40L sugieren la presencia de un estado protrombótico en la población infanto juvenil con DM1
Introduction: hyperglycemia contributes to molecular changes that alter hemostasis. Objectives: to determine molecules of a prothrombotic state in a child-juvenile population with type 1 diabetes (T1D), without clinical manifestation of vascular disease, and compare it with a control population. Patients and methods: thirty-five patients with T1D (11.0±2.5 years and 3.7±2.0 years of disease duration), without vascular complications and 20 healthy controls were studied. Plasma fibrinogen (Pf), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), von Willebrand factor antigen vWF:Ag and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and coagulation global tests such as platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were determined. The data obtained were analized by Statistics SPSS 20 software and were expressed as the mean±standard desviation. Pearson coefficient was used to investigate correlations between variables. Results: diabetic patients presented significantly higher values of glycaemia, A1c, Fg (308± 66 vs 246±18 mg/dL, p=0.0001), PAI-1 (41.6±12 vs 11.7±1, 0 ng/mL, p=0.0001), vWF:Ag (284±55 vs 121±19%, p= 0.0001) and sCD40L (1608±109 vs 149±17 pg/mL, p=0.0001). However, overall hemostasis tests showed no differences between both groups, PAI-1 and sCD40L correlated with glycemia, A1c, Fg and vWF:Ag. Conclusions: high levels of Fg, PAI-1, vWF:Ag and sCD40L suggest the presence of a prothrombotic state in the infant population juvenil with DT1